Graphique 2D dans jPanel dans Netbeans

Question

J'ai une question concernant certains graphiques primitifs. Je suis nouveau dans le java graphics et le gui building en général, donc j'ai beaucoup de questions. J'utilise Netbeans 6.9.1. Fondamentalement, il y a un cadre principal et un panneau à l'intérieur. Je veux dessiner un graphique à l'intérieur du panneau. Eh bien, la question est de faire ça? Code ci-dessous pour trois de la classe (la plupart du temps générée automatiquement):

package graphics; 

import org.jdesktop.application.Action; 
import org.jdesktop.application.ResourceMap; 
import org.jdesktop.application.SingleFrameApplication; 
import org.jdesktop.application.FrameView; 
import org.jdesktop.application.TaskMonitor; 
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; 
import java.awt.event.ActionListener; 
import javax.swing.Timer; 
import javax.swing.Icon; 
import javax.swing.JDialog; 
import javax.swing.JFrame; 
import javax.swing.JPanel; 
/** 
* The application's main frame. 
*/ 
public class GraphicsView extends FrameView { 

public GraphicsView(SingleFrameApplication app) { 
    super(app); 

    initComponents(); 

    jPanel1.add(new Graph()); 

    // status bar initialization - message timeout, idle icon and busy animation, etc 
    ResourceMap resourceMap = getResourceMap(); 
    int messageTimeout = resourceMap.getInteger("StatusBar.messageTimeout"); 
    messageTimer = new Timer(messageTimeout, new ActionListener() { 
     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { 
      statusMessageLabel.setText(""); 
     } 
    }); 
    messageTimer.setRepeats(false); 
    int busyAnimationRate = resourceMap.getInteger("StatusBar.busyAnimationRate"); 
    for (int i = 0; i < busyIcons.length; i++) { 
     busyIcons[i] = resourceMap.getIcon("StatusBar.busyIcons[" + i + "]"); 
    } 
    busyIconTimer = new Timer(busyAnimationRate, new ActionListener() { 
     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { 
      busyIconIndex = (busyIconIndex + 1) % busyIcons.length; 
      statusAnimationLabel.setIcon(busyIcons[busyIconIndex]); 
     } 
    }); 
    idleIcon = resourceMap.getIcon("StatusBar.idleIcon"); 
    statusAnimationLabel.setIcon(idleIcon); 
    progressBar.setVisible(false); 

    // connecting action tasks to status bar via TaskMonitor 
    TaskMonitor taskMonitor = new TaskMonitor(getApplication().getContext()); 
    taskMonitor.addPropertyChangeListener(new java.beans.PropertyChangeListener() { 
     public void propertyChange(java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent evt) { 
      String propertyName = evt.getPropertyName(); 
      if ("started".equals(propertyName)) { 
       if (!busyIconTimer.isRunning()) { 
        statusAnimationLabel.setIcon(busyIcons[0]); 
        busyIconIndex = 0; 
        busyIconTimer.start(); 
       } 
       progressBar.setVisible(true); 
       progressBar.setIndeterminate(true); 
      } else if ("done".equals(propertyName)) { 
       busyIconTimer.stop(); 
       statusAnimationLabel.setIcon(idleIcon); 
       progressBar.setVisible(false); 
       progressBar.setValue(0); 
      } else if ("message".equals(propertyName)) { 
       String text = (String)(evt.getNewValue()); 
       statusMessageLabel.setText((text == null) ? "" : text); 
       messageTimer.restart(); 
      } else if ("progress".equals(propertyName)) { 
       int value = (Integer)(evt.getNewValue()); 
       progressBar.setVisible(true); 
       progressBar.setIndeterminate(false); 
       progressBar.setValue(value); 
      } 
     } 
    }); 
} 

@Action 
public void showAboutBox() { 
    if (aboutBox == null) { 
     JFrame mainFrame = GraphicsApp.getApplication().getMainFrame(); 
     aboutBox = new GraphicsAboutBox(mainFrame); 
     aboutBox.setLocationRelativeTo(mainFrame); 
    } 
    GraphicsApp.getApplication().show(aboutBox); 
} 

/** This method is called from within the constructor to 
* initialize the form. 
* WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is 
* always regenerated by the Form Editor. 
*/ 
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 
// <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code"> 
private void initComponents() { 

    mainPanel = new javax.swing.JPanel(); 
    jPanel1 = new javax.swing.JPanel(); 
    menuBar = new javax.swing.JMenuBar(); 
    javax.swing.JMenu fileMenu = new javax.swing.JMenu(); 
    javax.swing.JMenuItem exitMenuItem = new javax.swing.JMenuItem(); 
    javax.swing.JMenu helpMenu = new javax.swing.JMenu(); 
    javax.swing.JMenuItem aboutMenuItem = new javax.swing.JMenuItem(); 
    statusPanel = new javax.swing.JPanel(); 
    javax.swing.JSeparator statusPanelSeparator = new javax.swing.JSeparator(); 
    statusMessageLabel = new javax.swing.JLabel(); 
    statusAnimationLabel = new javax.swing.JLabel(); 
    progressBar = new javax.swing.JProgressBar(); 

    mainPanel.setName("mainPanel"); // NOI18N 

    jPanel1.setName("jPanel1"); // NOI18N 

    javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanel1Layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanel1); 
    jPanel1.setLayout(jPanel1Layout); 
    jPanel1Layout.setHorizontalGroup(
     jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) 
     .addGap(0, 380, Short.MAX_VALUE) 
    ); 
    jPanel1Layout.setVerticalGroup(
     jPanel1Layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) 
     .addGap(0, 229, Short.MAX_VALUE) 
    ); 

    javax.swing.GroupLayout mainPanelLayout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(mainPanel); 
    mainPanel.setLayout(mainPanelLayout); 
    mainPanelLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
     mainPanelLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) 
     .addGroup(mainPanelLayout.createSequentialGroup() 
      .addContainerGap() 
      .addComponent(jPanel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) 
      .addContainerGap()) 
    ); 
    mainPanelLayout.setVerticalGroup(
     mainPanelLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) 
     .addGroup(mainPanelLayout.createSequentialGroup() 
      .addContainerGap() 
      .addComponent(jPanel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) 
      .addContainerGap()) 
    ); 

    menuBar.setName("menuBar"); // NOI18N 

    org.jdesktop.application.ResourceMap resourceMap = org.jdesktop.application.Application.getInstance(graphics.GraphicsApp.class).getContext().getResourceMap(GraphicsView.class); 
    fileMenu.setText(resourceMap.getString("fileMenu.text")); // NOI18N 
    fileMenu.setName("fileMenu"); // NOI18N 

    javax.swing.ActionMap actionMap = org.jdesktop.application.Application.getInstance(graphics.GraphicsApp.class).getContext().getActionMap(GraphicsView.class, this); 
    exitMenuItem.setAction(actionMap.get("quit")); // NOI18N 
    exitMenuItem.setName("exitMenuItem"); // NOI18N 
    fileMenu.add(exitMenuItem); 

    menuBar.add(fileMenu); 

    helpMenu.setText(resourceMap.getString("helpMenu.text")); // NOI18N 
    helpMenu.setName("helpMenu"); // NOI18N 

    aboutMenuItem.setAction(actionMap.get("showAboutBox")); // NOI18N 
    aboutMenuItem.setName("aboutMenuItem"); // NOI18N 
    helpMenu.add(aboutMenuItem); 

    menuBar.add(helpMenu); 

    statusPanel.setName("statusPanel"); // NOI18N 

    statusPanelSeparator.setName("statusPanelSeparator"); // NOI18N 

    statusMessageLabel.setName("statusMessageLabel"); // NOI18N 

    statusAnimationLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(javax.swing.SwingConstants.LEFT); 
    statusAnimationLabel.setName("statusAnimationLabel"); // NOI18N 

    progressBar.setName("progressBar"); // NOI18N 

    javax.swing.GroupLayout statusPanelLayout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(statusPanel); 
    statusPanel.setLayout(statusPanelLayout); 
    statusPanelLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
     statusPanelLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) 
     .addComponent(statusPanelSeparator, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 400, Short.MAX_VALUE) 
     .addGroup(statusPanelLayout.createSequentialGroup() 
      .addContainerGap() 
      .addComponent(statusMessageLabel) 
      .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, 230, Short.MAX_VALUE) 
      .addComponent(progressBar, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) 
      .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED) 
      .addComponent(statusAnimationLabel) 
      .addContainerGap()) 
    ); 
    statusPanelLayout.setVerticalGroup(
     statusPanelLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING) 
     .addGroup(statusPanelLayout.createSequentialGroup() 
      .addComponent(statusPanelSeparator, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE) 
      .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE) 
      .addGroup(statusPanelLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE) 
       .addComponent(statusMessageLabel) 
       .addComponent(statusAnimationLabel) 
       .addComponent(progressBar, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)) 
      .addGap(3, 3, 3)) 
    ); 

    setComponent(mainPanel); 
    setMenuBar(menuBar); 
    setStatusBar(statusPanel); 
}// </editor-fold> 

// Variables declaration - do not modify 
private javax.swing.JPanel jPanel1; 
private javax.swing.JPanel mainPanel; 
private javax.swing.JMenuBar menuBar; 
private javax.swing.JProgressBar progressBar; 
private javax.swing.JLabel statusAnimationLabel; 
private javax.swing.JLabel statusMessageLabel; 
private javax.swing.JPanel statusPanel; 
// End of variables declaration 

private final Timer messageTimer; 
private final Timer busyIconTimer; 
private final Icon idleIcon; 
private final Icon[] busyIcons = new Icon[15]; 
private int busyIconIndex = 0; 

private JDialog aboutBox; 
} 

Alors, ici, j'ai ajouté que

jPanel1.add(new Graph()); 

La prochaine est la classe principale:

package graphics; 

import org.jdesktop.application.Application; 
import org.jdesktop.application.SingleFrameApplication; 

/** 
* The main class of the application. 
*/ 
public class GraphicsApp extends SingleFrameApplication { 

/** 
* At startup create and show the main frame of the application. 
*/ 
@Override protected void startup() { 
    show(new GraphicsView(this)); 
} 

/** 
* This method is to initialize the specified window by injecting resources. 
* Windows shown in our application come fully initialized from the GUI 
* builder, so this additional configuration is not needed. 
*/ 
@Override protected void configureWindow(java.awt.Window root) { 
} 

/** 
* A convenient static getter for the application instance. 
* @return the instance of GraphicsApp 
*/ 
public static GraphicsApp getApplication() { 
    return Application.getInstance(GraphicsApp.class); 
} 

/** 
* Main method launching the application. 
*/ 
public static void main(String[] args) { 
    launch(GraphicsApp.class, args); 
} 
} 

A la dernière classe est avec des graphiques lui-même:

/* 
* To change this template, choose Tools | Templates 
* and open the template in the editor. 
*/ 

package graphics; 

import java.awt.Color; 
import java.awt.Graphics; 
import java.awt.Graphics2D; 
import java.awt.RenderingHints; 
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D; 
import java.awt.geom.Line2D; 
import javax.swing.JPanel; 

public class Graph extends JPanel{ 

int[] data = { 
    21, 14, 18, 03, 86, 88, 74, 87, 54, 77, 
    61, 55, 48, 60, 49, 36, 38, 27, 20, 18 
}; 
final int PAD = 20; 

protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) { 
    super.paintComponent(g); 
    Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; 
    g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, 
         RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); 
    int w = getWidth(); 
    int h = getHeight(); 
    // Draw ordinate. 
    g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(PAD, PAD, PAD, h-PAD)); 
    // Draw abcissa. 
    g2.draw(new Line2D.Double(PAD, h-PAD, w-PAD, h-PAD)); 
    double xInc = (double)(w - 2*PAD)/(data.length-1); 
    double scale = (double)(h - 2*PAD)/getMax(); 
    // Mark data points. 
    g2.setPaint(Color.red); 
    for(int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { 
     double x = PAD + i*xInc; 
     double y = h - PAD - scale*data[i]; 
     g2.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(x-2, y-2, 4, 4)); 
    } 
} 

private int getMax() { 
    int max = -Integer.MAX_VALUE; 
    for(int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { 
     if(data[i] > max) 
      max = data[i]; 
    } 
    return max; 
} 
} 

J'ai plusieurs questions:
(a) Comment faire apparaître un graphique dans jPanel1?
(b) Quelles sont les bonnes pratiques dans les composants graphiques d'initialisation? Je veux dire, où est le meilleur endroit pour appeler le graphique()?
(c) Pour une application différente, j'ai utilisé jfreechart pour dessiner des graphiques, puis les exporter dans un fichier .jpeg. Puis-je utiliser jfreechart pour construire des graphiques et les afficher directement dans une pagel?

Merci beaucoup d'avance!

Answer 1

Quelques réponses:

(a) Avoir jPanel1 utiliser BorderLayout pour son gestionnaire de mise en page et ajouter le graphique JPanel à jPanel1 dans la position de BorderLayout.CENTER.
(b) Je ne comprends pas ce que vous demandez ici. Vous construisez un objet quand vous en avez besoin.
(c) Oui. Les composants graphiques de JFreeChart étendent les composants Swing, je crois JPanel (soit cela ou JComponent), donc vous devriez pouvoir les ajouter directement à votre interface graphique en tant que composant, tant que (et c'est la clé), votre composant agissant comme un conteneur, c'est celui qui détient le tableau, utilise le bon gestionnaire de mise en page. Si vous ne l'avez pas déjà fait, vous devriez lire le tutoriel Swing sur "Disposer des composants dans un conteneur" car ses informations sont la clé pour que cela réussisse.

Ma recommandation finale (pour l'instant) est de laisser tomber la génération de code NetBeans et de créer votre code Swing à la main. C'est vraiment la meilleure façon d'apprendre Swing.

Chance!