Le comportement de l'OEM Alt codes est trompeur pour les codes 1-31 et 127. La page de codes OEM du système est un sur-ensemble d'ASCII. Toutefois, cette plage de codes Alt n'introduit pas de caractères de contrôle ASCII, mais plutôt les caractères que les anciens systèmes IBM PC affichent et impriment parfois pour les caractères de contrôle ASCII. Par exemple, Alt + 1 entre "☺" (U + 263A, visage souriant blanc) au lieu de ASCII SOH (U + 0001, début du cap). Pour aggraver cela, le comportement par défaut de WideCharToMultiByte lors de l'encodage de tels caractères sur la page de codes OEM consiste à utiliser le caractère de contrôle ASCII correspondant en tant que codage best-fit. Un éditeur de texte ne peut donc pas vous avertir que ce que vous voyez n'est pas ce que vous obtiendrez.
La console n'affiche pas les caractères de contrôle comme les anciens caractères graphiques IBM PC. Il interprète certains d'entre eux tels que U + 0009 (tabulation horizontale - avancer le curseur 8 espaces) et U + 000D (retour chariot - avancer le curseur au début de la ligne suivante), mais la plupart d'entre eux sont affichés comme le glyphe de la police en cours pour un caractère non mappé, tel qu'un point d'interrogation encadré ou une boîte vide. Si vous souhaitez imprimer "☺" sur la console, vous devez utiliser l'API de la console, qui fonctionne avec les chaînes Windows Unicode (UTF-16LE) natives. Heureusement CMD est une application Unicode, donc il n'y a aucun problème avec l'impression "☺" à la console. Le problème est quel encodage utiliser pour le script batch. La seule solution générale consiste à enregistrer le fichier de commandes en tant que UTF-8 sans nomenclature (ordre d'octet). Vous aurez besoin d'un éditeur de texte ou d'un éditeur de texte qui peut sauvegarder UTF-8 sans nomenclature, tel que Notepad ++.
CMD décode un script batch ligne par ligne à l'aide de la page de codes de la console héritée, que vous pouvez modifier en UTF-8 à l'aide de la commande chcp.com 65001. Je déconseille de passer en UTF-8 en permanence car, selon la version de Windows, la console a plusieurs bogues avec la page de codes 65001. Vous pouvez passer temporairement en UTF-8 pour charger des chaînes non-ASCII comme variables d'environnement. Sinon, conservez le reste du fichier de traitement en mode ASCII strictement à 7 bits pour éviter les problèmes de localisation.
Voici un exemple.Il y a probablement un moyen plus général d'y parvenir que de créer toutes ces variables d'environnement locales, mais c'est juste pour montrer que cela fonctionne en principe.
graphics_ctl.bat
@echo off
REM ASCII Control-Character Graphics
REM File encoding: UTF-8 (no BOM)
REM Set the console to codepage 65001 (UTF-8).
for /f "tokens=2 delims=:" %%a in ('chcp.com') do set "CONSOLE_CODEPAGE=%%a"
set "CONSOLE_CODEPAGE=%CONSOLE_CODEPAGE: =%"
chcp.com 65001 >NUL
set "GCTL_WHITE_SMILING_FACE=☺"
set "GCTL_BLACK_SMILING_FACE=☻"
set "GCTL_BLACK_HEART_SUIT=♥"
set "GCTL_BLACK_DIAMOND_SUIT=♦"
set "GCTL_BLACK_CLUB_SUIT=♣"
set "GCTL_BLACK_SPADE_SUIT=♠"
set "GCTL_BULLET=•"
set "GCTL_INVERSE_BULLET=◘"
set "GCTL_WHITE_CIRCLE=○"
set "GCTL_INVERSE_WHITE_CIRCLE=◙"
set "GCTL_MALE_SIGN=♂"
set "GCTL_FEMALE_SIGN=♀"
set "GCTL_EIGHTH_NOTE=♪"
set "GCTL_BEAMED_EIGHTH_NOTES=♫"
set "GCTL_WHITE_SUN_WITH_RAYS=☼"
set "GCTL_BLACK_RIGHT_POINTER=►"
set "GCTL_BLACK_LEFT_POINTER=◄"
set "GCTL_UP_DOWN_ARROW=↕"
set "GCTL_DOUBLE_EXCLAMATION_MARK=‼"
set "GCTL_PILCROW_SIGN=¶"
set "GCTL_SECTION_SIGN=§"
set "GCTL_BLACK_RECTANGLE=▬"
set "GCTL_UP_DOWN_ARROW_WITH_BASE=↨"
set "GCTL_UP_ARROW=↑"
set "GCTL_DOWN_ARROW=↓"
set "GCTL_RIGHT_ARROW=→"
set "GCTL_LEFT_ARROW=←"
set "GCTL_RIGHT_ANGLE=∟"
set "GCTL_LEFT_RIGHT_ARROW=↔"
set "GCTL_BLACK_UP_TRIANGLE=▲"
set "GCTL_BLACK_DOWN_TRIANGLE=▼"
set "GCTL_HOUSE=⌂"
REM Restore the previous console codepage.
chcp.com %CONSOLE_CODEPAGE% >NUL
graphics_box.bat
@echo off
REM Box-Drawing Graphics
REM File encoding: UTF-8 (no BOM)
REM Set the console to codepage 65001 (UTF-8).
for /f "tokens=2 delims=:" %%a in ('chcp.com') do set "CONSOLE_CODEPAGE=%%a"
set "CONSOLE_CODEPAGE=%CONSOLE_CODEPAGE: =%"
chcp.com 65001 >NUL
set "GBOX_LIGHT_SHADE=░"
set "GBOX_MEDIUM_SHADE=▒"
set "GBOX_DARK_SHADE=▓"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL=│"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT=┤"
set "GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE=╡"
set "GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE=╢"
set "GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE=╖"
set "GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE=╕"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT=╣"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL=║"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_LEFT=╗"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_LEFT=╝"
set "GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE=╜"
set "GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE=╛"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_LEFT=┐"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_RIGHT=└"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_HORIZONTAL=┴"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_HORIZONTAL=┬"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT=├"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_HORIZONTAL=─"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_HORIZONTAL=┼"
set "GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE=╞"
set "GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE=╟"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_RIGHT=╚"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_RIGHT=╔"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_HORIZONTAL=╩"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_HORIZONTAL=╦"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT=╠"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_HORIZONTAL=═"
set "GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_HORIZONTAL=╬"
set "GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE=╧"
set "GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE=╨"
set "GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE=╤"
set "GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE=╥"
set "GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE=╙"
set "GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE=╘"
set "GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE=╒"
set "GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE=╓"
set "GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE=╫"
set "GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE=╪"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_LEFT=┘"
set "GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_RIGHT=┌"
set "GBOX_FULL_BLOCK=█"
set "GBOX_LOWER_HALF_BLOCK=▄"
set "GBOX_LEFT_HALF_BLOCK=▌"
set "GBOX_RIGHT_HALF_BLOCK=▐"
set "GBOX_UPPER_HALF_BLOCK=▀"
REM Restore the previous console codepage.
chcp.com %CONSOLE_CODEPAGE% >NUL
graphics_test.bat
@echo off
setlocal
set "scriptdir=%~dp0"
call "%scriptdir%\graphics_ctl.bat"
call "%scriptdir%\graphics_box.bat"
echo.
echo ASCII Control-Character Graphics
echo ----------------------------------------------
echo GCTL_WHITE_SMILING_FACE = %GCTL_WHITE_SMILING_FACE%
echo GCTL_BLACK_SMILING_FACE = %GCTL_BLACK_SMILING_FACE%
echo GCTL_BLACK_HEART_SUIT = %GCTL_BLACK_HEART_SUIT%
echo GCTL_BLACK_DIAMOND_SUIT = %GCTL_BLACK_DIAMOND_SUIT%
echo GCTL_BLACK_CLUB_SUIT = %GCTL_BLACK_CLUB_SUIT%
echo GCTL_BLACK_SPADE_SUIT = %GCTL_BLACK_SPADE_SUIT%
echo GCTL_BULLET = %GCTL_BULLET%
echo GCTL_INVERSE_BULLET = %GCTL_INVERSE_BULLET%
echo GCTL_WHITE_CIRCLE = %GCTL_WHITE_CIRCLE%
echo GCTL_INVERSE_WHITE_CIRCLE = %GCTL_INVERSE_WHITE_CIRCLE%
echo GCTL_MALE_SIGN = %GCTL_MALE_SIGN%
echo GCTL_FEMALE_SIGN = %GCTL_FEMALE_SIGN%
echo GCTL_EIGHTH_NOTE = %GCTL_EIGHTH_NOTE%
echo GCTL_BEAMED_EIGHTH_NOTES = %GCTL_BEAMED_EIGHTH_NOTES%
echo GCTL_WHITE_SUN_WITH_RAYS = %GCTL_WHITE_SUN_WITH_RAYS%
echo GCTL_BLACK_RIGHT_POINTER = %GCTL_BLACK_RIGHT_POINTER%
echo GCTL_BLACK_LEFT_POINTER = %GCTL_BLACK_LEFT_POINTER%
echo GCTL_UP_DOWN_ARROW = %GCTL_UP_DOWN_ARROW%
echo GCTL_DOUBLE_EXCLAMATION_MARK = %GCTL_DOUBLE_EXCLAMATION_MARK%
echo GCTL_PILCROW_SIGN = %GCTL_PILCROW_SIGN%
echo GCTL_SECTION_SIGN = %GCTL_SECTION_SIGN%
echo GCTL_BLACK_RECTANGLE = %GCTL_BLACK_RECTANGLE%
echo GCTL_UP_DOWN_ARROW_WITH_BASE = %GCTL_UP_DOWN_ARROW_WITH_BASE%
echo GCTL_UP_ARROW = %GCTL_UP_ARROW%
echo GCTL_DOWN_ARROW = %GCTL_DOWN_ARROW%
echo GCTL_RIGHT_ARROW = %GCTL_RIGHT_ARROW%
echo GCTL_LEFT_ARROW = %GCTL_LEFT_ARROW%
echo GCTL_RIGHT_ANGLE = %GCTL_RIGHT_ANGLE%
echo GCTL_LEFT_RIGHT_ARROW = %GCTL_LEFT_RIGHT_ARROW%
echo GCTL_BLACK_UP_TRIANGLE = %GCTL_BLACK_UP_TRIANGLE%
echo GCTL_BLACK_DOWN_TRIANGLE = %GCTL_BLACK_DOWN_TRIANGLE%
echo GCTL_HOUSE = %GCTL_HOUSE%
echo.
echo Box-Drawing Graphics
echo ----------------------------------------------
echo GBOX_LIGHT_SHADE = %GBOX_LIGHT_SHADE%
echo GBOX_MEDIUM_SHADE = %GBOX_MEDIUM_SHADE%
echo GBOX_DARK_SHADE = %GBOX_DARK_SHADE%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL = %GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT = %GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT%
echo GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE = %GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE = %GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE = %GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE = %GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT = %GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_LEFT%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL = %GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_LEFT = %GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_LEFT%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_LEFT = %GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_LEFT%
echo GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE = %GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_LEFT_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE = %GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_LEFT_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_LEFT = %GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_LEFT%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_RIGHT = %GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_RIGHT%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT = %GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_LIGHT_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_LIGHT_VERTICAL_AND_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE = %GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE = %GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_RIGHT = %GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_RIGHT%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_RIGHT = %GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_RIGHT%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_DOUBLE_UP_AND_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_DOUBLE_DOWN_AND_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT = %GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_RIGHT%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_DOUBLE_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_HORIZONTAL = %GBOX_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_AND_HORIZONTAL%
echo GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE = %GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE = %GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE = %GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE = %GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE = %GBOX_UP_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE = %GBOX_UP_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE = %GBOX_DOWN_SINGLE_AND_RIGHT_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE = %GBOX_DOWN_DOUBLE_AND_RIGHT_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE = %GBOX_VERTICAL_DOUBLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_SINGLE%
echo GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE = %GBOX_VERTICAL_SINGLE_AND_HORIZONTAL_DOUBLE%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_LEFT = %GBOX_LIGHT_UP_AND_LEFT%
echo GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_RIGHT = %GBOX_LIGHT_DOWN_AND_RIGHT%
echo GBOX_FULL_BLOCK = %GBOX_FULL_BLOCK%
echo GBOX_LOWER_HALF_BLOCK = %GBOX_LOWER_HALF_BLOCK%
echo GBOX_LEFT_HALF_BLOCK = %GBOX_LEFT_HALF_BLOCK%
echo GBOX_RIGHT_HALF_BLOCK = %GBOX_RIGHT_HALF_BLOCK%
echo GBOX_UPPER_HALF_BLOCK = %GBOX_UPPER_HALF_BLOCK%
Merci! Cela m'a vraiment beaucoup aidé! ☺ –