Que signifie cette erreur valgrind?

Question

J'ai une bibliothèque de base que j'utilise pour peindre du texte OpenGL et quand j'utilise valgrind pour m'assurer qu'il est étanche. Je continue d'obtenir une erreur inhabituelle qui me semble comme si les bibliothèques linux C++ étaient défectueuses. Je voudrais voir si vous pouvez repérer mon erreur ou authentifier ce que je crains, et c'est que mes bibliothèques C++ sont défectueuses et doivent être remplacées. Le code est très simple mais il utilise à la fois OpenGL et FreeImage, donc certaines lignes n'auront pas de sens.

Voici fontsystem.h:

#ifndef FONTSYSTEM_H 
#define FONTSYSTEM_H 

/* 
    The Font System works by loading all the font images (max image size 32px^2) into memory and storing 
    the OpenGL texture ID's into an array that can be access at all times. The DrawString() functions will 
    search through the string for the specified character requested to draw and then it will draw a quad 
    and paint the texture on it. Since all the images are pre-loaded, no loading of the images at load time 
    is necessary, this is memory consuming but efficiant for the CPU. ALL functions WILL return a character 
    string specifing errors or success. A function will work as long as it can and when an error happens, 
    unless the error is fatal, the functions will NOT rollback changes! This ensures that during testing, a 
    very certain bug can be spotted. 
*/ 

#include <cstdio> 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <iostream> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <assert.h> 
#include <GL/gl.h> 
#include <GL/glu.h> 
#include <GL/glext.h> 
#include <FreeImage.h> 

#define REPORT(x) (std::cout<<x) 
#define TIME clock() 

class CFont 
{ 
public: 
    CFont(); 
    ~CFont(); 

    void DrawString(char *apString, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY); 
    void DrawString(long anNumber, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY); 
    void SetPath(char avPath[]); 
    void SetupFont(); // This function will load as many images as possible into memory. 

private: 
    GLuint *mpTextIDs; 
    int *mpDrawIDs; 
    char *mpPath; 

public: 
    CFont(const CFont& a): 
     mpTextIDs(a.mpTextIDs), 
     mpDrawIDs(a.mpDrawIDs), 
     mpPath(a.mpPath) 
    { 
     std::copy(a.mpTextIDs, a.mpTextIDs+128, mpTextIDs); 
     std::copy(a.mpDrawIDs, a.mpDrawIDs+128, mpDrawIDs); 
     std::copy(a.mpPath, a.mpPath + strlen(a.mpPath), mpPath); 
    } 

    CFont& operator=(const CFont& a) 
    { 
     GLuint *iTmpTex = new GLuint[128]; 
     int *iTmpDraw = new int[1024]; 
     char *vTmpPath = new char[4096]; 

     delete[] mpTextIDs; 
     delete[] mpDrawIDs; 
     delete[] mpPath; 

     std::copy(a.mpTextIDs, a.mpTextIDs+128, iTmpTex); 
     std::copy(a.mpDrawIDs, a.mpDrawIDs+128, iTmpDraw); 
     std::copy(a.mpPath, a.mpPath + strlen(a.mpPath), vTmpPath); 

     mpTextIDs = iTmpTex; 
     mpDrawIDs = iTmpDraw; 
     mpPath = vTmpPath; 

     return *this; 
    } 
}; 

#endif // FONTSYSTEM_H 

ici est fontsystem.cpp:

#include "fontsystem.h" 

CFont::CFont() 
{ 
    mpTextIDs = new GLuint[128]; 
    mpDrawIDs = new int[1024]; 
    mpPath = new char[4096]; 
} 

CFont::~CFont() 
{ 
    delete[] mpTextIDs; 
    delete[] mpDrawIDs; 
    delete[] mpPath; 
} 

void CFont::DrawString(char *apString, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY) 
{ 
    // Sanity check! 
    if(apString == NULL) 
    { 
     REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Drawing string is NULL! <Font System>\n"); 
     return; 
    } 

    if(aiLetterSize <= 0) 
    { 
     REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Letter size is less than zero! <Font System>\n"); 
     return; 
    } 

    // Search the string from most significant character to least significant. 
    int iSelectIndex = 0; 
    int iNumOfSymb = 0; 
    for(size_t i = 0; apString[i] != '\0'; ++i) 
    { 
     iSelectIndex = apString[i] >= '0' && apString[i] <= '9' ? (apString[i] - '0') : 
         apString[i] >= 'A' && apString[i] <= 'Z' ? (apString[i] - 'A' + 10) : 
         apString[i] >= 'a' && apString[i] <= 'z' ? (apString[i] - 'a' + 10) : 
         apString[i] == ' ' ? 36 : // This is a special case, This see's if the current character is a space or not. 
         -1; 

     if(iSelectIndex == -1) 
     { 
      return; 
     } 

     // Add the current selected character to the drawing array. 
     mpDrawIDs[i] = iSelectIndex; 
     ++iNumOfSymb; 
    } 

    // Go through and draw each and every character. 
    for(size_t i = 0; apString[i] != '\0'/*static_cast<size_t>(iNumOfSymb)*/; ++i) 
    { 
     // Paint each qaud with the X,Y coordinates. After each quad has been successfully drawn, 
     // Add the size to the X coordinate. NOTE: Each character is square!!! 

     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mpTextIDs[(uint)apString[i]]); 

     int yPos = apString[i] != 'q' || apString[i] != 'j' || apString[i] != 'y' ? aiY : aiY + (aiLetterSize/2); 

     glBegin(GL_QUADS); 
      glTexCoord2d(0, 0); 
      glVertex2d(aiX, yPos); 

      glTexCoord2d(1, 0); 
      glVertex2d(aiX + aiLetterSize, yPos); 

      glTexCoord2d(1, 1); 
      glVertex2d(aiX + aiLetterSize, yPos + aiLetterSize); 

      glTexCoord2d(0, 1); 
      glVertex2d(aiX, yPos + aiLetterSize); 
     glEnd(); 

     // Now, increase the X position by the size. 
     aiX += aiLetterSize; 
    } 
} 

void CFont::DrawString(long anNumber, int aiLetterSize, int aiX, int aiY) 
{ 
    // Sanity Check! 
    if(aiLetterSize <= 0) 
    { 
     REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Letter size is less than zero! <Font System>\n"); 
     return; 
    } 

    // Convert the supplied number to a character string via snprintf(). 
    char *vTempString = new char[1024]; 
    snprintf(vTempString, 1024, "%ld", anNumber); 

    // Next, run DrawString(). 
    DrawString(vTempString, aiLetterSize, aiX, aiY); 
} 

void CFont::SetupFont() 
{ 
    // First Load The PNG file holding the font. 
    FreeImage_Initialise(false); 

    FIBITMAP *spBitmap = FreeImage_Load(FIF_PNG, mpPath, BMP_DEFAULT); 

    if(!spBitmap) 
    { 
     REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: Was Unable to opne/decode font bitmap! <FreeImage>\n"); 
     return; 
    } 

    // Do an image sanity check. 
    if(!FreeImage_HasPixels(spBitmap)) 
    { 
     REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Error: The font bitmap contains nothing! <FreeImage>\n"); 
     return; 
    } 

    // Retrieve all the image data from FreeImage. 
    unsigned char *pData = FreeImage_GetBits(spBitmap); 
    int iWidth = FreeImage_GetWidth(spBitmap); 
    int iHeight = FreeImage_GetHeight(spBitmap); 
    size_t const ciCharWidth = iHeight; 
    size_t const ciCharHeight = iHeight; 

    // Cutup the PNG. 
    int iFontElementSize = (ciCharWidth*ciCharHeight)*4; // The first two numbers, are the dimensions fo the element, the last number (4) is the number of color channels (Red Green Blue and Alpha) 
    unsigned char *pElemBuff = new unsigned char[iFontElementSize]; // The temporary element buffer. 

    // Create all 37 OpenGL textures. 0-9 and A-Z and finally space (' ') 
    glGenTextures(128, mpTextIDs); 

    for (size_t iCharIdx = 0; 128 > iCharIdx; ++iCharIdx) 
    { 
     // Create character texture. 
     size_t const ciScanOfst = ciCharWidth * iCharIdx * 4; 
     for (size_t iScanLineIdx = 0; ciCharHeight > iScanLineIdx; ++iScanLineIdx) 
     { 
      memcpy(pElemBuff + ciCharWidth * iScanLineIdx * 4, 
        pData + ciScanOfst + iWidth * (ciCharHeight - iScanLineIdx - 1) * 4, 
        ciCharWidth * 4); 
     } 

     // Create The OpenGL Texture with the current Element. 
     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mpTextIDs[iCharIdx]); 
     glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, 32, 32, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pElemBuff); 

     // Create the correct texture environment to the current texture. 
     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR); 
     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR); 
     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP); 
     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP); 
     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP, GL_TRUE); 
    } 

    // Do a little house cleaning! 
    delete[] pElemBuff; 
    FreeImage_Unload(spBitmap); 
    FreeImage_DeInitialise(); 

    REPORT("{Gfx}["<< TIME<< "]Information: Font was created succesfully! <Font System>\n"); 
} 

void CFont::SetPath(char avPath[]) 
{ 
    mpPath = avPath; 
} 

Valgrind indique ce qui suit:

Starting the FontSystem... 
FontSystem Started! 
==5058== Invalid free()/delete/delete[]/realloc() 
==5058== at 0x402A8DC: operator delete[](void*) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so) 
==5058== by 0x8048F03: CFont::~CFont() (fontsystem.cpp:14) 
==5058== by 0x8048DE0: main (main.cpp:13) 
==5058== Address 0x804972f is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd 
==5058== 
==5058== 
==5058== HEAP SUMMARY: 
==5058==  in use at exit: 4,172 bytes in 3 blocks 
==5058== total heap usage: 153 allocs, 151 frees, 135,457 bytes allocated 
==5058== 
==5058== 20 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 3 
==5058== at 0x402A5E6: calloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so) 
==5058== by 0x64DB3AD: _dlerror_run (dlerror.c:142) 
==5058== by 0x444EC64: ??? (in /usr/lib/libGL.so.295.59) 
==5058== 
==5058== 56 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 2 of 3 
==5058== at 0x402BE68: malloc (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so) 
==5058== by 0x442860E: ??? (in /usr/lib/libGL.so.295.59) 
==5058== by 0xBE872481: ??? 
==5058== by 0x4E45504E: ??? 
==5058== 
==5058== 4,096 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 3 of 3 
==5058== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so) 
==5058== by 0x8048EAC: CFont::CFont() (fontsystem.cpp:7) 
==5058== by 0x8048D68: main (main.cpp:7) 
==5058== 
==5058== LEAK SUMMARY: 
==5058== definitely lost: 4,096 bytes in 1 blocks 
==5058== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks 
==5058==  possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks 
==5058== still reachable: 76 bytes in 2 blocks 
==5058==   suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks 
==5058== 
==5058== ERROR SUMMARY: 2 errors from 2 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0) 

J'espère que vous les gars peuvent me aider ceci parce que ceux-ci semblent être des erreurs communes dans tous mes programmes. Et en tant que codeur, je n'aime pas beaucoup les erreurs subtiles, mais désagréables.

Answer 1

Le problème le plus remarquable est celui-ci:

==5058== Invalid free()/delete/delete[]/realloc() 
==5058== at 0x402A8DC: operator delete[](void*) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so) 
==5058== by 0x8048F03: CFont::~CFont() (fontsystem.cpp:14) 
==5058== by 0x8048DE0: main (main.cpp:13) 
==5058== Address 0x804972f is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd 
==5058== 

Comme vous pouvez le voir, il se réfère à la ligne 14 de fontsystem.cpp, dans le destructor de CFont, ici:

delete[] mpPath; 

Apparemment, ce que vous tenter de delete [] il n'a jamais été alloué dynamiquement, ou pas dans le bon sens. Comment cela peut-il être? La déclaration correspondante dans le constructeur semble bien:

mpPath = new char[4096]; 

Ainsi, la valeur de mpPath doit avoir été changé quelque part après le constructeur a été appelé. En effet, il y a cette fonction:

void CFont::SetPath(char avPath[]) 
{ 
    mpPath = avPath; 
} 

Vous appelez sans doute cela quelque part, en essayant de transférer un tableau de pile qui lui est alloué. Tu ne devrais pas faire ça. Si CFont est responsable de l'allocation et de la désallocation, il ne devrait pas y avoir de fonction qui tente de prendre un tableau étranger et de lui affecter un pointeur de membre. Envisagez des alternatives, telles que la création d'une copie du tableau avPath dans un tableau nouvellement alloué sur le tas. Et désallocation de l'allocation précédente. Mieux encore, utilisez std::vector ou des pointeurs intelligents.

L'autre problème est lié:

==5058== 4,096 bytes in 1 blocks are definitely lost in loss record 3 of 3 
==5058== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so) 
==5058== by 0x8048EAC: CFont::CFont() (fontsystem.cpp:7) 
==5058== by 0x8048D68: main (main.cpp:7) 

C'est une fuite de mémoire liée au même membre, mpPath. Et bien sûr, cette fuite se produit parce que setPath réinitialise le pointeur sans désallouer le tableau existant. Même problème que ci-dessus.

Les autres messages sont liés à divers appels de bibliothèque externes. Fuites de mémoire mineures, vous ne pouvez probablement pas faire grand chose.

Answer 2

Les 4096 octets que vous perdez est probablement d'ici:

void CFont::SetPath(char avPath[]) 
{ 
    mpPath = avPath; 
} 

Vous copiez simplement le pointeur (et écrasez votre ancien); vous devez strcpy ou utiliser std :: copy comme dans d'autres parties du code.