Bounce Game dans Tkinter. Confère erreur « ne peut invoquer « mise à jour » commande: application a été détruite »

Question

Voici le code:

from tkinter import * 
import random 
import time 

class Ball: 
    def __init__(self, canvas, paddle, color): 
     self.canvas = canvas 
     self.paddle = paddle 

     self.id = canvas.create_oval(10, 10, 25, 25, fill=color) 

     starts = [-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3] 
     random.shuffle(starts) 

     self.x = starts[0] 
     self.y = -3 
     self.canvas_height = canvas.winfo_height() 
     self.canvas_width = canvas.winfo_width() 

     self.is_hitting_bottom = False 

     canvas.move(self.id, 245, 100) 

    def draw(self): 
     self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, self.y) 

     pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id) 

     if pos[1] <= 0: 
      self.y = 1 

     if pos[3] >= self.canvas_height: 
      # self.y = -1 
      self.is_hitting_bottom = True 

     if self.hit_top_paddle(pos) == True: 
      self.y = -3 

     if self.hit_bottom_paddle(pos) == True: 
      self.y = 1 

     if pos[0] <= 0: 
      self.x = 3 

     if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width: 
      self.x = -3 

    def hit_top_paddle(self, pos): 
     paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id) 
     if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]: 
      if pos[3] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[3] <= paddle_pos[3]: 
       return True 

      return False 

    def hit_bottom_paddle(self, pos): 
      paddle_pos = self.canvas.coords(self.paddle.id) 
      if pos[2] >= paddle_pos[0] and pos[0] <= paddle_pos[2]: 
       if pos[1] >= paddle_pos[1] and pos[1] <= paddle_pos[3]: 
         return True 

      return False 

class Paddle: 
    def __init__(self, canvas, color): 
     self.canvas = canvas 
     self.id = canvas.create_rectangle(0, 0, 100, 10, fill=color) 

     self.x = 0 
     self.canvas_width = canvas.winfo_width() 

     canvas.move(self.id, 200, 300) 

     canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Left>', self.move_left) 
     canvas.bind_all('<KeyPress-Right>', self.move_right) 

    def draw(self): 
     self.canvas.move(self.id, self.x, 0) 

     pos = self.canvas.coords(self.id) 

     if pos[0] <= 0: 
      self.x = 0 

     if pos[2] >= self.canvas_width: 
      self.x = 0 

    def move_left(self, event): 
     self.x = -2 

    def move_right(self, event): 
     self.x = 2 

tk = Tk() 
tk.title('Game') 
canvas = Canvas(tk, width=550, height=400, bd=0, highlightthickness=0) 
canvas.pack() 
tk.update() 

paddle = Paddle(canvas, 'blue') 
ball = Ball(canvas, paddle, 'red') 

while 1: 
    if ball.is_hitting_bottom == False: 
     ball.draw() 
     paddle.draw() 

    tk.update_idletasks() 
    tk.update() 
    time.sleep(0.01) 

Après avoir exécuté cela, il donne l'erreur suivante:

self.tk.call('update', 'idletasks') 
_tkinter.TclError: can't invoke "update" command: application has been destroyed 

Answer 1

Le La solution consiste à arrêter la boucle while et à tirer parti de la boucle d'événement de tkinter.

Par exemple:

def draw_frame(): 
    '''Draws a new frame every N milliseconds''' 
    ball.draw() 
    paddle.draw() 
    root.after(10, draw_frame) 

# draw the first frame once the GUI starts up 
after_idle(draw_frame) 

# start the event loop 
root.mainloop() 

Vous pouvez régler la vitesse de votre programme en changeant le premier argument de after.