par des contraintes que je veux dire des contrôles, pas des valeurs nulles, contrainte de clé primaire, contrainte de clé étrangèreComment obtenir les contraintes sur une table
Quelle requête SQL à utiliser
Visual Studio 2008/SQL Server 2005 Express
Comme par exemple pour obtenir les noms de table
commandString = "SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES";
Alors, que pour obtenir des contraintes.
Vous pouvez utilisez le tableau sys.objects pour obtenir cette information, cochez cette requête pour obtenir toutes les contraintes d'une table.
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(OBJECT_ID) AS [Constraint],SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) AS [Schema],
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) AS [Table],
type_desc AS [Type] FROM sys.objects
WHERE 1=1
AND OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)='YOURTABLENAME'
AND type_desc LIKE '%CONSTRAINT'
pas est nulls pas une contrainte, vous pouvez vérifier que INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
des contraintes
select *
from information_schema.table_constraints
pour les colonnes qui ne permettent pas nulls
select *
from information_schema.columns
where is_nullable = 'NO'
Essayez-le, c'est une petite question que j'ai rassemblée et qui devrait vous permettre d'aller dans la bonne direction. Vous pouvez supprimer les commentaires si nécessaire pour filtrer le schéma/la table/la colonne spécifique que vous souhaitez.
/*Run a query like the listed below, from it you can see:
+ schema name
+ table/view name
+ table type (like: SYSTEM_TABLE, VIEW, SQL_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, USER_TABLE, SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, INTERNAL_TABLE)
+ column name
+ column data type (including length, precision, etc)
+ Nullability
+ identity (seed, increment, and current value)
+ check constraint definition
+ computed column definition
+ complete index and primary key info, every index/PK that this column is contained in, includes index type (unique/clustered/PK etc) as well as all index/pk columns concatenated together, including covering columns
Needs SQL Server 2005+ to run:
*/
--DECLARE @SchemaNameSearch sysname
-- ,@TableNameSearch sysname
-- ,@ColumnNameSearch sysname
--SELECT @SchemaNameSearch ='YourSchemaName'
-- ,@TableNameSearch ='YourTableName'
-- ,@ColumnNameSearch ='YourColumnName'
;WITH AllIndexes AS
(
SELECT
s.name+'.'+t.name AS TableName
,xx.name AS IndexName
,'['
+CASE WHEN xx.is_unique=1 THEN 'UNIQUE ' ELSE '' END
+xx.type_desc
+CASE WHEN xx.is_primary_key=1 THEN ' PRIMARY KEY' ELSE '' END
+ISNULL(
' ('
+STUFF(
(SELECT
', '+c.Name
FROM sys.objects o
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes x ON o.object_id=x.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns xc ON o.object_id=xc.object_id AND x.index_id=xc.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.columns c ON o.object_id=c.object_id AND c.column_id=xc.column_id
WHERE oo.object_id=o.object_id AND xc.column_id IS NOT NULL
AND xx.index_id=x.index_id AND xc.is_included_column=0
--
--REMOVE comments to filter the query
--AND [email protected]
--
ORDER BY o.object_ID,xc.key_ordinal
FOR XML PATH('')
)
,1,2, ''
)
+')'
,''
)
+ISNULL(
' INCLUDE ('
+STUFF(
(SELECT
', '+c.Name
FROM sys.objects o
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes x ON o.object_id=x.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns xc ON o.object_id=xc.object_id AND x.index_id=xc.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.columns c ON o.object_id=c.object_id AND c.column_id=xc.column_id
WHERE oo.object_id=o.object_id AND xc.column_id IS NOT NULL
AND xx.index_id=x.index_id AND xc.is_included_column=1
--
--REMOVE comments to filter the query
--AND [email protected]
--
ORDER BY o.object_ID,xc.key_ordinal
FOR XML PATH('')
)
,1,2, ''
)
+')'
,''
)
+']' AS IndexInfo
,cc.object_id,cc.column_id,xx.is_primary_key
FROM sys.objects oo
INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON oo.object_id=t.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id=s.schema_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes xx ON oo.object_id=xx.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns xxc ON oo.object_id=xxc.object_id AND xx.index_id=xxc.index_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.columns cc ON oo.object_id=cc.object_id AND cc.column_id=xxc.column_id
--
--REMOVE comments to filter the query
--WHERE s.name [email protected]
-- AND [email protected]
-- AND [email protected]
--
)
SELECT
sh.name+'.'+o.name AS ObjectName
,o.type_desc AS ObjectType
,s.name as ColumnName
,CASE
WHEN t.name IN ('char','varchar') THEN t.name+'('+CASE WHEN s.max_length<0 then 'MAX' ELSE CONVERT(varchar(10),s.max_length) END+')'
WHEN t.name IN ('nvarchar','nchar') THEN t.name+'('+CASE WHEN s.max_length<0 then 'MAX' ELSE CONVERT(varchar(10),s.max_length/2) END+')'
WHEN t.name IN ('numeric') THEN t.name+'('+CONVERT(varchar(10),s.precision)+','+CONVERT(varchar(10),s.scale)+')'
ELSE t.name
END AS DataType
,CASE
WHEN s.is_nullable=1 THEN 'NULL'
ELSE 'NOT NULL'
END AS Nullable
,CASE
WHEN All_IXs.object_id IS NOT NULL THEN All_IXs.IndexInfo
ELSE NULL
END AS IndexInfo
,CASE
WHEN ic.column_id IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' identity('+ISNULL(CONVERT(varchar(10),ic.seed_value),'')+','+ISNULL(CONVERT(varchar(10),ic.increment_value),'')+')='+ISNULL(CONVERT(varchar(10),ic.last_value),'null')
END
+CASE
WHEN sc.column_id IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' computed('+ISNULL(sc.definition,'')+')'
END
+CASE
WHEN cc.object_id IS NULL THEN ''
ELSE ' check('+ISNULL(cc.definition,'')+')'
END
AS MiscInfo
FROM sys.objects o
INNER JOIN sys.schemas sh on o.schema_id=sh.schema_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns s ON o.object_id=s.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.types t ON s.system_type_id=t.system_type_id and t.is_user_defined=0
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.identity_columns ic ON s.object_id=ic.object_id AND s.column_id=ic.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.computed_columns sc ON s.object_id=sc.object_id AND s.column_id=sc.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.check_constraints cc ON s.object_id=cc.parent_object_id AND s.column_id=cc.parent_column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes x ON o.object_id=x.object_id AND x.is_primary_key=1
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns xc ON o.object_id=xc.object_id AND x.index_id=xc.index_id AND s.column_id=xc.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT --build the concatenated PK here
oo.object_id,ss.column_id
,STUFF(
(
SELECT
', '+IndexInfo
FROM AllIndexes i
WHERE oo.object_id=i.object_id AND ss.column_id=i.column_id
ORDER BY i.object_ID ASC,i.is_primary_key DESC,i.column_id ASC
FOR XML PATH('')
)
,1,2, ''
) AS IndexInfo
FROM sys.objects oo
INNER JOIN sys.columns ss ON oo.object_id=ss.object_id
--
--REMOVE comments to filter the query
--WHERE [email protected]
--
) All_IXs ON o.object_id=All_IXs.object_id AND s.column_id=All_IXs.column_id
--
--REMOVE comments to filter the query
--WHERE sh.name [email protected]
-- AND [email protected]
-- AND [email protected]
--
ORDER BY sh.name+'.'+o.name,s.column_id
Outre les autres méthodes, vous pouvez utiliser sp_help (ALT-F1 par défaut)
CREATE TABLE testTable2
(
test int
)
ALTER TABLE testTable2
ADD CHECK (test>40)
sp_help testTable2
donnera les contraintes et les conditions. Ceci est également présente, UKs, FKs etc.
cela vous donne le nom de la contrainte, le type et le tableau [MS-SQL 2000]
Select s.name,
(Case
when s.xtype='PK' then 'PRIMARY KEY'
when s.xtype='F' then 'FOREIGN KEY'
when s.xtype='D' then 'DEFAULT' -- add case for others if you wish
else s.xtype
end) as [Constraint Type],
Tab.[Name] as [Table Name]--,Col.[Name] As [Column Name]
from sysobjects as s
Inner Join (Select [Name],[ID] From SysObjects Where XType = 'U') As Tab
On Tab.[ID] = s.[Parent_Obj]
Inner Join sysconstraints
On sysconstraints.Constid = s.[ID]